Development of an In Vivo Model to Study Testicular Morphogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have developed an in vivo model to examine testicular cord formation by isolated Sertoli and myoid cells when implanted under the kidney capsule of severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Neonatal porcine Sertoli (92.5% +/- 3.5%) and myoid (2.2% +/- 0.7%) cellular aggregates were transplanted underneath the kidney capsule of SCID mice. Grafts were removed between 0 and 60 days posttransplantation and examined histologically for the progressive development of structures resembling testicular cords. Aggregates began to reorganize by day 3, and cord structures were present at day 7 posttransplantation. These structures became larger and more defined as the time progressed after implantation. To localize Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells, grafts were immunostained for the Sertoli cell proteins, vimentin, DNA transcription factor GATA-4, and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), as well as for a myoid cell protein, smooth muscle alpha-actin. In the "seminiferous" epithelial layer, the Sertoli cells were arranged with their nuclei along the basal edge adjacent to the peritubular myoid cells that were surrounding the tubules. Moreover, the expression of MIS mimicked that during porcine testicular development, suggesting the Sertoli cells were developing normally. In addition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected in the Sertoli cells at all time points, indicating the proliferation of Sertoli cells in the grafts, which is consistent with Sertoli cell proliferation prior to puberty in the native porcine testis. These results suggest that the specific factors required for cord formation and prepubertal development are inherent in the transplanted cells. Moreover, we have developed a novel in vivo transplantation model to study seminiferous cord formation and prepubertal development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".