Experimental results of active and passive isolation techniques for multiple K-band LC-oscillators on silicon ICs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurement results of techniques for isolating multiple K-band oscillators on silicon are reported. Implemented in a 130 nm CMOS process, the experimental results of two 21 GHz oscillators show the validity of the adopted techniques. A measured worst-case spectrum leakage level of −77 dBm is reported between two identical VCOs when independently injection-locked to ninth sub-harmonic tones. De-embedding efforts showed that the lateral coupling between the RF probes dominated the enclosed results during measurements and further suggest that the achieved isolation levels are better than those reported. The reported phase noise of −107.17 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset, the absence of inter-injection locking phenomena and the ability to steer the phases of each oscillator independently attest to the successful isolation levels achieved. It is believed that these results are the best reported isolation levels for oscillator circuits operating at K-Band on silicon and are reported herein due to the foreseen need to realize multiple independently running RF/millimeter-wave VCO's on a single chip in future IC's.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".