Ferroelectric properties of monoclinic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Pb</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mg</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">PbTiO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A monoclinic phase was recently discovered near the morphotropic phase boundary in several high-performance piezoelectric perovskite solid solutions, but its properties have not been reported. In this paper the dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the monoclinic Pm phase in the $(1\ensuremath{-}x)\mathrm{Pb}({\mathrm{Mg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}\ensuremath{-}x{\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ perovskite system are studied. In a (001)-oriented crystal of composition $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.33,$ ferroelectric hysteresis loops with remanent polarization of 23 $\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{C}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ are displayed. In poled monoclinic crystals, under a unipolar drive up to 10 kV/cm, the domain walls remain unchanged and the polarization and longitudinal strain change almost linearly, but the piezoelectric response ${(d}_{33}=9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}\mathrm{C}/\mathrm{N})$ is much weaker than in the rhombohedral phase of close composition. The relative dielectric permittivity of the Pm phase is also smaller (with a small-signal value of \ensuremath{\sim}2500), but the piezoelectric constant ${(g}_{33}=3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}/\mathrm{C})$ and the electromechanical coupling factor ${(k}_{t}=0.60)$ are practically the same as in the rhombohedral phase. The properties of the various phases in the range of the morphotropic phase boundary are related to the different rotation paths of the polarization vector induced by the external drive.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.007 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.014 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.012 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.017 | 0.014 |
| Research integrity | 0.016 | 0.012 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.981 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".