Stopping Distance and Acceleration Performance of Personal Watercraft
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
<div class="htmlview paragraph">This study investigates the stopping distance and acceleration performance of five commercially available personal watercraft (PWC). Testing was performed to develop data for the reconstructionist performing analyses of PWC accidents. Stopping distances were determined by integrating velocity measurements collected by a Ka band radar and data acquisition system. Acceleration measurements were determined by differentiating data collected using the same equipment.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Typical stopping distances were found to be 125 ft to 160 ft (38.1 m to 48.8 m) at 30 mph (48 km/h) and 180 ft to 225 ft (54.9 m to 68.6 m) at 40 mph (64 km/h). For the range of velocities tested, stopping distance was found to be linearly related to speed. The average deceleration over the full stopping distance was -0.14 g to -0.31 g. If these stopping distances and accelerations are compared to road vehicles, they are similar to those observed on snow and ice.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Straight line acceleration was observed to be speed dependent. Each particular watercraft had its own acceleration versus speed profile. Average peak accelerations observed were 0.31 g to 0.55 g. For the most powerful watercraft, the average acceleration from 0 to 30 mph (48 km/h) was over 0.45 g. This is similar to the average acceleration of a 2004 Porsche Boxster accelerating from 0 - 62.0 mph (0 - 100 km/h) in 6.4 seconds for an average acceleration of 0.44 g.</div>
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it