Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein Expression after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Mouse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apoptosis of brain cells is triggered by traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is blocked by caspase inhibitors. The neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein (NAIP), which has been shown to inhibit apoptosis by both caspase-dependant and caspase-independent mechanisms, is neuroprotective in rat models of cerebral ischemia and axotomy. In order to gain a better appreciation of CNS apoptosis following head injury in general and the possible involvement of NAIP specifically, we have configured a mouse model of TBI. In addition to demonstrating apoptosis, the spatiotemporal expression or levels of a number of proteins with apoptosis modulating effects have been determined. Apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes following TBI was observed in brain sections which were triple-stained with in situ end labeling, bisbenzimide and immunofluorescent stain for neuron specific nuclear protein and myelin-associated glycoprotein, respectively. Further evidence for apoptosis following TBI in this model was obtained in brain samples using ligation-mediated PCR amplification of DNA fragments and gel electrophoresis. The temporal profile of apoptosis was similar to the temporal profile of microglial activation determined by CD11b staining and TNFa expression induced by TBI. NAIP staining in sections of cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter increased at 6 h and decreased towards control levels at 24 h post-TBI. Temporal changes in the expression of NAIP were also observed using Western blot analysis of brain samples removed from injured cortex and sub-cortical white matter. At the time that NAIP expression decreased markedly (24 h post-TBI), procaspase-3 levels also decreased, PARP cleavage increased, and the highest levels of apoptosis were observed. These findings have implications in our understanding of traumatically induced programmed cell death and may be useful in the configuration of therapies for this common injury state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".