Time series of 12CO and 13CO at northern mid-latitudes: Determination of Partial Column and δ13C seasonal and interannual variations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important reactive gas in the troposphere. It is emitted at the ground level by fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. Biogenic sources and oceans as well as oxidation of methane and nonmethane hydrocarbons complete the emissions budget. Large uncertainties still affect the relative contributions of the identified anthropogenic and natural sources. Destruction by the hydroxyl radical (OH) is the main removal process for CO in both the troposphere and the stratosphere. The resulting average tropospheric lifetime of CO varies from several weeks to a few months. Two approaches have been developed and optimized to independently retrieve abundances of 12CO and 13CO from high-resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra, using sets of carefully selected lines and the SFIT-2 (v3.91) algorithm which implements the optimal estimation method. The corresponding products will be described and characterized in terms of error budget and information content. These strategies have allowed us to produce partial column time series of 12CO and 13CO, using spectra recorded on a regular basis at the Jungfraujoch station (46.5ºN, 8.0ºE, 3580 m asl, Swiss Alps), a site of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The seasonal and interannual changes observed in the 12CO,13CO and δ13C (13C/12C) data sets will be presented and discussed. Complementary zonal mean time series derived from occultation measurements collected by the ACE-FTS instrument onboard the Canadian SCISAT-1 platform since 2004 will also be included and analyzed, focusing on the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere region of the atmosphere. Finally, we will use GEOS-Chem 3-D chemistry transport model results to help in the interpretation of the short and long-term variations characterizing the ground-based and satellite data sets, focusing on the factors influencing the partitioning between the two CO isotopologues.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".