Chronic inflammation is negatively associated with prostate cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia on needle biopsy
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tissue inflammation has been linked to cancer in several disease models. We tested the association between chronic inflammation and prostate cancer (PCa), as well as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), in prostatic needle biopsy specimens. Tissues from 4526 men, who underwent systematic ultrasound-guided sextant needle biopsies of the prostate, were classified in the following order as PCa, or HGPIN, or chronic inflammation or benign. PCa was diagnosed in 1633 (36.1%), HGPIN in 535 (11.8%) and chronic inflammation in 347 (7.7%). Chronic inflammation conferred a protective effect from PCa: odds ratio (OR) = 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15-0.28. Chronic inflammation was also inversely associated with HGPIN: OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.05-0.22. The ORs remained virtually unchanged after adjustment for age, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE) and gland volume. Chronic inflammation is more frequent in the presence of benign histology than it is in the presence of PCa or HGPIN.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it