A Very British Coup: Canadianism, Quebec, and Ethnicity in the Flag Debate, 1964-1965
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is usually assumed that the flag debate of 1964 was about replacing an outmoded British vision of Canada with the distinctive Canadianism of the Maple Leaf. In fact, the debate was not between “British” and “Canadian,” but between rival interpretations of Canadianism. Britishness and Canadianness were interpenetrated in both flags. Even if the overt Britishness of the Red Ensign was downgraded, the new flag was a less dramatic break with the past than is commonly thought. If it was not explicitly British in appearance, the new flag remained the product of a British world. In its design and implementation by a small Anglo-Celtic cadre in the government—with the country deeply divided and non-British groups largely sidelined—the Maple Leaf is, in some ways, the legacy of a very British coup.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.032 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".