SOLUBLE PHOSPHOLIPASEA_2 IN THE LIFE AND DEATH OF OSTEOCLASTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Prostaglandins are important for the control of bone remodeling; phospholipases A_2 are essential for prostaglandin synthesis and could be an important mediator for bone health. Our objective was to determine the role of sPLA_2 on osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast (OC) apoptosis. Methods: Human osteoclasts were differentiated in vitro from PBMC in the presence of RANKL and M-CSF. The presence of sPLA_2 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in OCs in culture and on bone slices. The role of sPLA2 II on osteoclastogenesis and on OC apoptosis was studied using sPLA2 inhibitors The implication of sPLA2 II in bone remodeling in vivo was determined by comparing levels of the enzyme in the peripheral blood ofpatients with traumatic fracture compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Results: In vitrodifferentiated osteoclasts and in situ fetal and Pagetic bone osteoclasts express sPLA_2 II. sPLA_2II inhibition during osteoclastogenesis reduces the capacity to generateosteoclasts and increases apoptosis rate of osteoclastic precursors; it also induces apoptosis on mature OCs. Patients with bone fractures have significantly less circulating sPLA_2 II than controls. Conclusion: sPLA_2 II is present in OCs both invitro and in vivo, in normal as well as in pathologic situations. Its inhibition reduces osteoclastogenesis and increases apoptosis rate in vitro. Plasmatic sPLA_2 II levels are lower post-fracture than in controls. These results strongly suggest a role for sPLA2in the control of bone metabolism but the mechanisms implicated in this effects still need to be clarified.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".