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Record W1588358065 · doi:10.20381/ruor-25574

Estimating the Benefit of High School for College-Bound Students

2010· preprint· en· W1588358065 on OpenAlexaffabout
Louis‐Philippe Morin

Bibliographic record

VenueuO Research (University of Ottawa) · 2010
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicLabor market dynamics and wage inequality
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Ottawa
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMathematics educationHuman capitalInstrumental variableEstimatorValue (mathematics)Control (management)Order (exchange)Selection (genetic algorithm)EconometricsMathematicsEconomicsStatisticsComputer scienceEconomic growthManagement

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Studies based on instrumental variable techniques suggest that the value of a high school education is large for potential dropouts, yet we know much less about the size of the benefit for students who will go on to post-secondary education. To help fill this gap, I measure the value-added of a year of high-school mathematics for university-bound students using a recent Ontario secondary school reform. The subject specificity of this reform makes it possible to identify the benefit of an extra year of mathematics despite the presence of self-selection: one can use subjects unaffected by the reform to control for potential ability differences between control and treatment groups. Further, the richness of the data allows me to generalize the standard difference-in-differences estimator, correcting for heterogeneity in ability measurement across subjects. The estimated value-added to an extra year of mathematics is small for these students – of the order of 17 percent of a standard deviation in university grades. This evidence helps to explain why the literature finds only modest effects of taking more mathematics in high school on wages, the small monetary gain being due to a lack of subject-specific human capital accumulation. Within- and between-sample comparisons also suggest that the extra year of mathematics benefits lowerability students more than higher-ability students. / Les études utilisant des variables instrumentales suggèrent que le bénéfice d’une année supplémentaire de scolarité secondaire est large pour des décrocheurs potentiels. Par contre, nous en savons beaucoup moins à propos du bénéfice d’une même année de scolarité pour les étudiants qui poursuivront des études postsecondaires. Afin de combler ce vide, j’utilise une récente réforme du système d’éducation secondaire ontarien permettant de mesurer la valeur ajoutée d’une année supplémentaire de mathématiques de niveau secondaire pour des étudiants qui iront à l’université. Puisque que la réforme n’affecta que certains sujets, il est possible d’estimer le bénéfice d’une année supplémentaire de mathématiques malgré la présence d’auto-sélection; nous pouvons utiliser les sujets qui n’ont pas été affectés par la réforme afin de contrôler les différences potentielles entre les étudiants du groupe contrôle et ceux du groupe traité. De plus, la richesse des données disponibles nous permet de généraliser l’estimateur des différences en différences, permettant ainsi aux différents sujets de mesurer l’habileté des étudiants de manière hétérogène. La valeur ajoutée estimée d’une année supplémentaire de mathématiques est petite pour ces étudiants – l’effet représentant environ 17 % de l’écart-type des notes universitaires observées. Ces résultats aident à expliquer pourquoi la littérature scientifique trouve que prendre plus de cours de mathématiques à l’école secondaire n’a qu’un impact modeste sur le salaire des individus : le peu de capital humain accumulé dans ces cours expliquerait cet effet modeste. Des comparaisons à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’échantillon suggèrent également qu’une année supplémentaire de mathématiques serait plus bénéfique aux étudiants à habileté ‘faible’ qu’aux étudiants à habileté ‘élevée’.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.011
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.072
Threshold uncertainty score0.144

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.011
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.065
GPT teacher head0.311
Teacher spread0.246 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations8
Published2010
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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