IDH Mutation Detection in Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded Gliomas Using Multiplex PCR and Single‐Base Extension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes are mutated in a significant portion of gliomas, myeloid leukemias and chondroid neoplasms. In gliomas, IDH mutations are prognostic, as those tumors with the mutation are associated with a proneural subclass and have longer survival compared with those without the mutation. We developed a simple, PCR-based SNaPshot® assay (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) to detect IDH1/2 mutations. This protocol combines a single, multiplexed PCR reaction using gene specific primers followed by a single, multiplexed SNaPshot reaction and detection by capillary electrophoresis. In a blinded study of 32 paraffin-embedded glioma specimens previously screened for IDH mutations by a PCR/direct sequencing method, concordance of our IDH SNaPshot test with sequencing was 100%. We performed the assay on an additional 57 specimens submitted for diagnostic IDH mutation evaluation. Data analysis was much faster and easier to perform than analysis of the sequencing data, and results could be obtained in 1 day from DNA extraction to analysis. Furthermore, we could readily identify a mixture of 5% mutant allele vs. 95% wild-type allele in our SNaPshot assay, in comparison to approximately 20% mutant allele in our PCR-sequencing assay. Our assay represents a fast, sensitive, straightforward method of reliably detecting common mutations of IDH genes in glial neoplasms, or other tumors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".