Neutron Radiography Study of Diesel Engine Exhaust Soot Depositions in a Exhaust Pipe With and Without Water Coolant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<div class="htmlview paragraph">An investigation was performed to study the soot deposition and its effect on heat transfer in a cooled cylindrical section. The soot layer thickness was measured using a non-destructive neutron radiography technique. Experiments were performed for a diesel exhaust mass flow rate of 20kg/hr or Reynolds number of approximately 9,000, initial inlet coolant temperatures of approximately 22 and 40°C, and exposure times from 1 to 3 hours. The results show that the nominal soot layer thickness was approximately uniform in the flow direction, hence, the thicker soot layer observed near the entrance by Ismail et al. [<span class="xref">8</span>] and de la Cruz et al. [<span class="xref">9</span>] was due to entrance effects. The deposited soot layer shows evidence of long wavy thickness variations that appears to be due to a soot re-entrainment and re-deposition moving bed type mechanism. The soot thickness increased and the long wavy variations persisted for larger soot thicknesses when the coolant temperature or wall temperature was lower. There was also evidence of larger soot thickness layer roughness for the lower wall temperature. These results could be due to an increase in the condensation of the vapour components at the lower wall temperature that may increase the soot adhesion. The heat transfer performance decreased faster for the lower coolant temperature, which is consistent with the soot deposition thickness measurement.</div>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".