Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The malting process consists of three key steps: steeping, whereby barley is moistened to about 45% moisture; germination, wherein rootlets (sprouts) and a stem (acrospire) emerge while enzymes are formed that alter the cellular structure and composition; and kilning, where barley is dried to preserve enzyme activity and to impart flavor. Nearly all of the malt produced is used to make beer. Barley is grown in Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Montana, and other western States. Barley varieties are developed specifically for good malting and brewing traits. Less than 50% of the U.S. barley crop is converted into malt. World malt production in 2003 was ∼12 million metric tons. The 2003 U.S. production was 2.6 million tons, with stagnant growth during the last few years. Large United States and Canadian producers are Busch Agricultural Resources, Inc., Cargill Malt, Conagra Malt, Rahr Malting Co., and International Malting Co. There is excess malting capacity, resulting in low margin commodity pricing. Production and raw material costs are ∼$230/t.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it