Patrons mauvais genre : femmes et entreprises à Tourcoing au XIXe siècle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tourcoing, a burgeoning industrial city in northern France, was a city of family businesses, big and small, in the nineteenth century. The families provided most of the capital and managerial skills. Women, as members of those families, could be directly involved. As long as gender signified a hierarchy, women could participate in economic life. Either women took over the economic activities men did not want to bother with, or they worked under the authority of men as agents or substitutes for incapacitated, absent, or dead males, or they worked for the benefit of the family. Middleclass married women involved in the economy assisted their husbands and succeeded them when they died. Independent female activities were much more common among skilled workers, whose wives kept stores and taverns or did custom dressmaking. While middle-class women’s participation in the economic life of the city may have declined in the first half of the century, it increased in the second.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".