Multi-dimensional and multi-functional substrate integrated waveguide antennas and arrays for GHz and THz applications: An emerging disruptive technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reviews the past and current research status of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antennas and arrays for GHz and THz system applications. Special interest is oriented to on-going worldwide efforts and development of various multi-dimensional and multi-functional highly integrated SIW antenna and array geometries and techniques with focus on single- and multi-beam antennas and arrays. They also include various emerging stacked multilayer structures and non-stacked three-dimensionally expandable LEGO-style design, which present a disruptive scheme. In particular, the LEGO-style design is shown to enable the development of partial- and full-plane beam-processing antennas and arrays. With the SIW scheme, both beam-forming networks and antenna array can be integrated with minimum cross-talk and signal interference. Transmitting and receiving antennas can fully be integrated on the same substrate with maximum isolation. Forward-looking thoughts and future outlooks are provided for higher-density GHz and THz integration schemes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".