Japan at the Crossroads — State Budget Remains the Achilles’ Heel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The natural and nuclear disaster on the 11th of March 2011 pulled Japan into a renewed recession. Projected on the annual basis, the gross domestic product nosedived by 3.5% in the first quarter of 2011. Indeed the consequences of the earthquake, tsunami and subsequent nuclear disaster will be very noticeable for the remainder of the year with regard to economic development. However, initial signs of a rebound have begun to appear in the meantime. Extensive public spending programs are currently sustaining the demand. Prior to the earthquake, the public debt was already approximately 200% of the gross domestic product and was rising rapidly. The government must harmonize duties, responsibilities and financial conditions; otherwise its room to maneuver in times of more "extreme events" decreases. Thus the Japanese government faces a dilemma: Increasing the tax burden, which is low when compared internationally, will have a negative impact on economic development. Fiscal consolidation and debt-financed economic growth are contradictory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".