Is the Elephant Still in the Room: The Governance of Private Jordanian Universities (PJUs)?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research aims to provide a better understanding of the governing bodies and methods in private Jordanian universities (PJUs). This is a descriptive research uses secondary and primary research tools such as interviews, archival documents, observations, and reports. These tools were all employed in this study to accomplish the objective. Nineteen interviews with financial managers, auditors, and Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) staff were conducted. This research emphasizes that higher education in Jordan is considered one of the best systems in the Middle East and North Africa countries. The findings show that there is much competition in the private higher education and this motivates to research the governance methods. There is a trend in the world towards private higher education. Unlike their counterparts in the world, PJUs do not receive any support from the government, but also pay over than 25% of their income to the government and they are for the most part financed by student tuition fees. MoHE by law and through different procedures intervenes in the PJUs management and decisions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".