Problems with the control of perennial weeds in a simplified cultivation system of maize crops in the conditions of Lower SilesiaProblemy ograniczania chwastów wieloletnich w uproszczonej uprawie kukurydzy w warunkach Dolnego Śląska
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Field experiments were carried out on the reduction of weed infestation in maize grown in the rotation system on podsolic soil. As a result the following weed species were found to be dominant: barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beav.] and lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). A higher weed species composition and a lower soil coverage value (24%) per 1 m area were stated in the maize conventional cultivation system with plowing as compared to reduced maize tillage. Besides the dominant weeds barnyardgrass and lambsquarters the were less numerous field violet (Viola arvensis Murray), creeping speedwell (Veronica pesica L.), shepherds purse [Capsela bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik], corn chamomille (Anthemis arvensis L.), cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L). Taking into consideration the simplified system it was found that the weed species composition was dominated by barnyardgrass and lambsquarters and the coverage of 1 m soil surface amounded to 66%. There was a higher intensity of annual grass weed species barnyardgrass and green bristle grass [Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beav.] as well as perennial species in particularly quackgrass [Elymus repens (L.) Gould] and single weed plants of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] were also recorded. The number of annual broad leaved weeds was reduced as compared to the plow cultivation system. The application of herbicides mixture rimsulfuron + dicamba with adjuvant Trend 90 EC controlled the majority of the weed species and gave the best results for this type of soil. Only quackgrass occurring numerously in the experiment as well as winter forms of mugwort and creeping speedwell were less sensitive to the applied mixture of herbicides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".