Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction 1.1 Lung developmentTo understand the pathophysiology and the outcome of chronic lung disease of infancy, it is essential to understand normal lung development and the host of cofactors that will interfere with both antenatal and postnatal lung development.Lung growth starts in utero and continues to early adolescence going through different phases (Burri, 2006).The embryonic phase, between the 4 th and 7 th week, begins with the formation of a groove in the ventral lower pharynx and a bud at the lower part of the groove.After further elongation and subdivision of the bud, the two main bronchi are formed.Between the 7 th and 16 th week of gestation, known as the pseudoglandular phase, the air conducting trees continue to subdivide to form the terminal bronchioles.During the canalicular phase from the 17 th to the 26 th week of gestation, airway branching is complete with the formation of the primitive saccules.It is also during this phase that the cuboidal epithelium lining the saccules differentiates into type I and type II pneumocytes with concomitant increases in peripheral mesenchyme vascularization.From 27 weeks onwards, during the saccular phase, the lung will begin to prepare for birth with thinning of the connective tissue, secondary septation subdividing the sacculi into smaller subunits or alveoli and the presence of a single capillary layer characteristic of mature alveoli (Hislop et al., 1986;Langston et al., 1984;Post & Copland, 2002).Alveoli continue to increase in number until and beyond birth.At 29 weeks gestation, there are approximately 30 million alveoli and this will increase to some 150 million alveoli by term, one third to half the adult number (Hislop et al., 1986;Langston et al., 1984). Chronic lung disease of infancyChronic lung disease of infancy (CLDI) is a heterogeneous group of diseases that usually evolves from an acute newborn respiratory disorder.These disorders, such as respiratory distress syndrome secondary to preterm birth, meconium aspiration, sepsis, persistent pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease and their subsequent treatments, may predispose the infant to the development of CLDI.Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most significant long-term pulmonary complication of preterm birth (Eber & Zach, 2001) was initially defined as the continued dependence on supplementary oxygen for greater than 28 days postpartum (Northway, 1979).However, BPD has been redefined as we www.intechopen.com
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".