Hormonal effects of Depo-Provera in cervical smears
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Long-acting injectable contraceptive agents may cause changes in cervical smears that could impair the detection of epithelial abnormalities. The objectives of the current study were to 1) compare the hormonal effects of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) (DP) in cervical smears with those of levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol (Triphasil) (TP) and postmenopausal (PM) changes; and 2) determine whether the duration of DP use affects squamous maturation. METHODS: Satisfactory cervical smears from 50 DP users, 55 TP users, and 51 PM patients were evaluated blindly for: 1) squamous cell curling, crowding, cytolysis, and navicular cell formation; 2) pseudoparakeratosis, blue blobs, and histiocytes; 3) endometrial cells and blood; 4) single or enlarged endocervical nuclei and mucin-depleted endocervical cells; 5) lactobacilli and coccobacilli amounts; and 6) squamous maturation (ratio of parabasal:intermediate:superficial cells). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were observed for blue blobs, histiocytes, blood, endometrial cells, or single or enlarged endocervical nuclei among smears from the three groups. More smears from DP and TP users demonstrated squamous cell curling, crowding, and cytolysis as well as navicular cells and abundant lactobacilli compared with smears from PM patients. There were more PM smears with pseudoparakeratosis and mucin-depleted endocervical cells compared with the other groups. The majority of PM smears (98%) demonstrated predominantly parabasal cells with some intermediate cells. The majority of DP (86%) and TP (93%) smears demonstrated mostly intermediate and some superficial cells, regardless of the duration of DP use. CONCLUSIONS: Certain progestational-dependent effects (i.e., curling, crowding, navicular cells, and abundant lactobacilli) were identified more often in TP users compared with DP users and less often in PM patients. The mostly parabasal pattern observed in smears from PM patients contrasted with the predominantly intermediate pattern found in smears from DP and TP users. The duration of DP use did not appear to have any effect on squamous maturation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".