Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of the specific mouse loci identified as playing a key role in susceptibility to infection with human bacterial pathogens. The role of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) in host defenses against clinically relevant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae was addressed in genetic studies in humans from areas of endemic tuberculosis (The Gambia) and leprosy (South Vietnam) infection, using informative markers derived from the NRAMP1 gene region. Mice bearing naturally occurring (Nramp1D169) or experimentally induced (Nramp1-/-) mutations at Nramp1 are extremely susceptible to intravenous or subcutaneous infection with low doses of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium (103 CFU), with uncontrolled bacterial replication in the spleen and liver of susceptible mice leading to uniform death within 4 to 5 days of infection. Legionella pneumophila induces apoptosis during infection of permissive human macrophages and in alveolar epithelial cell lines. Avirulent L. pneumophila mutants cannot induce either apoptosis or caspase 3 activation, and specific inhibition of caspase 3 activity can block both L. pneumophila-induced apoptosis and cytopathogenicity. Hence, it seems likely that the number of described susceptibility and resistance loci for divergent bacterial infections in the mouse will increase dramatically over the coming years.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".