Association of Angiotensinogen (M235T) Gene Polymorphism with Blood Pressure Lowering Response to Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (Enalapril)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: It has been suggested that genetic backgrounds, which have an association with essential hypertension, may also determine the responsiveness to ACE inhibitor. We determined the association of angiotensinogen (M235T) gene polymorphism with essential hypertension and the relationship between polymorphism in the angiotensinogen (M235T) gene and blood pressure response to ACE inhibitor (Enalapril) in patients with essential hypertension from northern Indian subjects. METHODS: 250 patients with essential hypertension and 250 normal healthy controls from Delhi and surrounding areas were recruited for the investigation. Blood pressure was recorded before and after 6 weeks of treatment with ACE inhibitors, Enalapril. Genotyping were carried out by polymerase chain reaction and Restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. RESULTS: Statistically significant association of T allele was observed with essential hypertension [x2 = 14.67, p = 0.00013, Odds ratio = 1.76 (1.3-2.32) at 95% CI], the relative risk at 95% CI being 1.28 (1.2-1.54). The decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after six weeks of treatment of the patients carrying TT genotype (SBP = 26 ± 17.4 mmHg, DBP = 14.83 ± 7.6 mmHg) were greater than the groups carrying MT (SBP = 3.0 ± 7.8 mmHg, DBP = 6.2 ± 3.0 mmHg) and MM genotypes (SBP = 1.2 ± 0.8 mmHg, DBP = 0.10 ± 12.1 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: The angiotensinogen (M235T) gene polymorphism is significantly associated with essential hypertension. Patients carrying TT genotype had higher blood pressure lowering response when treated with ACE inhibitor, Enalapril than those carrying MM and MT genotypes suggesting that the T allele may be a possible genetic marker for essential hypertension.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".