Quantitative determination of mineral phase effects observed in APXS analyses of geochemical reference materials
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Calibration of the Curiosity Rover's alpha particle X‐ray spectrometer (APXS) was accomplished using geochemical reference materials and a fundamental parameters treatment of the X‐ray fluorescence and particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) excitation processes. For most major and minor elements the influence of different rock types was not significant. For the three light elements, Na, Mg, and Al, which are excited almost entirely by PIXE, systematic differences among felsic and mafic rocks were observed. A qualitative explanation is found in the very shallow interrogation depth (a few microns), which suggests that the X‐rays of these elements must emerge from a single mineral rather than an assumed average over the various minerals present. A quantitative explanation was sought by determining the mineralogy of several reference materials and computing their expected PIXE X‐ray yields with an adaptation of the yield prediction sub‐routine GUYLS in the Guelph PIXE software package GUPIX. The complexity of assigning the certified overall element mass fractions to specific minerals limited this exercise to cases with only a few minerals present. Good agreement was found between the X‐ray yields determined in the calibration exercise and those predicted in this new approach. It is expected that automation of the computational approach may enable examination of mineralogically more complex reference materials. This might also offer a means of coupling results from the X‐ray diffraction and APXS instruments on Mars. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it