Bibliographic record
Abstract
To call Hitler evil may well be true and morally satisfying. But it explains nothing. Ian Kershaw, Hitler: 1936–1945 Nemesis , p. xvii. On November 29, 1937, a Soviet plane landed in a blizzard in Yan'an, the communist capital in the northern Shaanxi wasteland. On board were Peter Vladimirov, Moscow's new representative to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP); Kang Sheng, the CCP Central Committee's representative to the Communist International (Comintern), who would go down in history as the Chinese communists' most loathsome spy chief; and Chen Yun, the architect of the post-Mao economic reforms and at the time the Central Committee's representative to Xinjiang warlord Sheng Shicai. The most important passenger was Wang Ming (alias Chen Shaoyu), who had been in Moscow since 1931. The mission's arrival meant the beginning of a struggle for power between Wang, representing an internationalist Moscow-oriented tendency in the CCP, and Mao Zedong, calling for the Sinification of revolution. Mao would prevail before a year had passed, but he focused a good part of his attention in the remaining years of World War II on wringing Wang Ming–type communist cosmopolitanism from the CCP. World War I had generated powerful opportunities for globalizing forces because its horrors had led to widespread disenchantment with bourgeois-dominated nation-states. World War II shut down these opportunities while arming national liberation movements. In transforming the CCP during the 1937–45 Sino-Japanese War from a defeated, demoralized, and divided party oriented toward Moscow into an organization with a strong ethos, a clear sense of a separate Chinese identity, and a powerful army, Mao domesticated, militarized, and nationalized revolution in China.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".