Multidecadal modulations of the low‐frequency climate variability in the wintertime North Pacific since 1950
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The North Pacific decadal variability (PDV) is known to manifest itself as two distinct spatial patterns. Observations since 1950 reveal that the wintertime PDV underwent notable modulations of their dominance in sea surface temperature (SST) variability and accompanying atmospheric variability. Until the 1980s, decadal SST variability was strongest along the subarctic frontal zone (SAFZ), the boundary between the warm Kuroshio and cool Oyashio waters. The SAFZ variability was highly correlated with decadal variability of the surface Aleutian Low but not simultaneously with tropical SST variability. Since the 1990s, however, this extratropical ocean‐atmosphere variability has lost its predominance, taken over by SST variability in the subtropical frontal zone. It accompanies subtropical anticyclone variability, exhibiting significant anticorrelation with tropical SST variability. These long‐term PDV modulations have remotely modulated temperature variability over Canada and Alaska. Similar PDV modulations are simulated in a centennial integration of a global climate model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".