Geology and Wine 2. A geological foundation for terroirs and potential sub-appellations of Niagara Peninsula wines, Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
All of the vineyards in Niagara are planted on soils derived from a variety of Late Pleistocene to Early Holocene, subglacial and proglacial sediments. These were deposited during a series of Late Wisconsinan continental ice advances and retreats, on a landscape that had been carved into the Paleozoic bedrock by this and earlier Quaternary glaciations to form the several landforms that exist above, on, and below the cuesta of the Niagara Escarpment. This paper proposes that the existing delineation of grape viticultural areas, by climate zone, be considerably modified by the recognition that it is the significant differences in the geology that control distinction of terroirs and sub- appellations based on variation of land-form physiography, soil types, and groundwater flow conditions. From considerations of these geological and climatic differences, in combination with wine profiles distinguished by J-L. Groux, winemaker at Hillebrand Estates, the Niagara Peninsula Designated Viticultural Area can be divided into at least eight sub- appellations . Resume Tous les vignobles de la region du Niagara croissent dans des sols issus d'une variete de sediments sous-glaciaux et pro-glaciaux de la fin du Pleistocene et du debut de l'Holocene. Ces sediments ont ete deposes lors d'avancees et de retraits glaciaires wisconsiniens sur un substratum de couches ordoviciennes sculptees par l'action de glaciations qui ont precedees et qui ont laisser les nombreuses formes de relief que l'on peut voir sur et de part et d'autre de la cuesta de l'escarpement du Niagara. Dans le present article, nous proposons que la delimitation actuelle des diverses zones viticoles par zone climatique soit revisee en profondeur afin de tenir compte de variations significatives de nature geologique et qui determinent les differents terroirs et sous-appellations en fonction de la physiographie du paysage, des types de sol et des parametres de l'ecoulement hydrique. En combinant de telles considerations geologiques et climatiques aux differents profils viticoles etablis par J.-L. Groulx, viticulteur au domaine Hillebrand, la region viticole du Niagara pourrait etre subdivisee en huit sous-divisions au moins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.045 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".