퀘벡문학의 프랑스적 정체성 연구

This thesis is a study of the process of transformation in French Canadian literature in relation to its history. It would be imprudent to try to put the vast history of literature of a country in historical order although the history of the Quebec literature is not long. However, it is not completely impossible to take a view of French Canadian literature in pursuit of the French identity in Quebec through a historical view of the almost 500 year old legacy. This is because the characteristics of each process within each piece of their literature shows relatively simple aspects and the process has been closely related with the issue of the Quebec identity. French Canadian literature can be naturally divided into the period between the year 1534 and the year 1763 when the Paris treaty, which stipulated the conveyance of la Nouvelle-France to England, was concluded, and the period between the year 1763 and the present. I can assert that the feature of French Canadian literature, which is distinctive from English Canadian literature, was highlighted much later when we take the fact into consideration that the literature before the year 1760 was mostly full of records of travel and in form of pre-literature and a real literature was formed later. This thesis first breaks down the literature into the periods according to a general classification standard and then, deeply analyses the functional relation between the literature and some of its ideologies such as identity, nation and culture. Therefore, we will examine how the literature has managed the relations of cooperation and discord with mentality and ideology which ruled each period after dividing the Canadian literature in the French language into 6 periods: ‘Works of Nouvelle-France’(1534～1763), ‘La litterature patriotique’(1763～1895), ‘Le terroir’(1840～1945), ‘La grande noirceur’(1930～1960), ‘Revolution tranquille’(1960～1980) and ‘Postmodernism’(1980-present). There are lots of explanation about the late blooming of French Canadian literature. The church was still so powerful in the society even in the 19th century that the people maintained the French and Catholic factors. The late introduction of printing and the late development of the press affected the development of the literature. Therefore the main purpose of this thesis is to examine how French Canadian literature has joined patriotism and seceded from it in each period and how it has overcome the closed argument. The issue of ruling and being ruled a few hundred years ago, the issue of imperialism and nationalism against it a century ago and the issue of identity of Canada, which is a neighbor to a strong country, USA, these days, due to the geographical circumstances, as well as the process of establishing identity are all melted in the literature in the French language of a culturally divided Canada. Although it is certain that to establish an unique culture based on a language is a method of enhancing the nation's power, it is not certain that this state of the French literature or culture will contribute to national unity or deepen disunion in the long run. It is very desirable for us who point to globalism in literature to analyse the process of conflict between cosmopolitanism and nationalism or globalization and peculiarity through close tracking of the literary state in Canada.

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