공공미술 정보망 구축의 방안

The Internet has been widely used in museums and greatly influenced the activities and meanings of the museum since 1990s. However it is still modest for the museum community in korea to recognize prospective benefits of museum informatics in lacking of the global standard documentation, information standardization, and networked catalogs that have been basic concepts of museum computerization in the United States and Europe since 1960s. Current trends and developments on museum computer technologies were introduced by the international conference of “Museums and the Web” organized by Archives and Museum Informatics, the States based publisher. Since its inception, the focus of the conference subjects shifted to more diversified web contents from investigating basic concepts and technologies of museum web sites such as to interlink the web and collections database. Up to date issues are varying from constructing online educational programs, to developing multimedia contents for exhibition tour guide, and to realizing virtual reality experiences through cyber museum. In light of this context, the purpose of this study was to investigate the advanced cases of constructing online art information for public uses. It is hoped to enhance the awareness of conceptual framework for museum computerization and new scope of museum informatics in internet environment. It will help museums and art professionals in korea to establish goals and objectives for various cultural information projects which are just in the beginning of adapting information technologies. Throughout the report the phrase ‘art information network for public uses’ implies museum information system and web sites run by art institutions and museums primarily for public services and uses rather than internal administrative purposes. The scope of the objectives includes national cultural information network, united databases among special group museums and individual museum websites in Northern America. It reviewed and analyzed the characteristics of the information structure and main concepts. For the background of the study, the author shortly outlined the history of museum automation and identified issues of the current museum information system. It revealed that museum information system need to change focus from collections management to content management, which will provide broad context for using museums’ knowledge resources. In other words, the essence of designing museums and art information is how to construct contextual information through web sites and information databases. Following three categories of case studies were investigated in order to find out the concept and method of information construction at broad or detailed levels of context. First the study investigated two information networks among group museums called Museum Online Archive California(MOAC) and Conceptual Intermedia Art Online(CIAO). The MOAC project was initiated to investigate the problems of research in all areas of our cultural heritage, the geographic distribution and limited access to the collections of unique materials that are held in libraries, museums, and archives around the world. It proposed to solve this problem by creating a prototype virtual museum archive that integrates standardized “finding aids” for museum and library special collections into a single source, thus providing access to collections held by archives, museums, and libraries throughout the state of California. The CIAO project is an collaborative project between eight art institutions to create networked access to educational and scholarly material on the broad theme on conceptual and intermedia art. Conceptual Art presents problems of access that impede its use by scholars and students, and its exposure to the general public. While there may be literature on and exhibitions of conceptual art, but collections access is impeded by the ephemeral, documentary and multi-part, mixed-media nature of many conceptual art works. The works often challenge traditional methods of art description and cataloguing. The group identified the EAD standard for the collections record format. Next, as an nation-wide cultural information system, Canadian Heritage Information Network has been analyzed and illustrated as the most valuable and informative. The author discussed that the catalog information realized in the section “Artefacts Canada” has made CHIN scholarly and general public use by adopting data standards for advanced search function, such as Art and Architecture Thesaurus, and Humanities Data Dictionary model. In turn, the last category of the study objectives, three individual museum web sites focusing on collection related aspects; the National Gallery of Art, Walker art Center, and New York Museum of Modern Art, were discussed. Respectively the sites had distinctive features in contextual collection information, subject based directory to access art works, and archive resources. From the above case studies the author clarified the primary themes that should be considered by museums and art communities in korea in prior to planning various information projects. Finally, in conclusion, it was addressed that the three most important issues are concerned with conforming to standard museum documentation; constructing information system for in depth-research; and integrating archiving material into object record system. They will act as more than prospecting goals, but also as defining strategies for future art information project.

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