Effect of food patch discovery on the number of American Crows (<em>Corvus brachyrhynchos</em>) using a flight lane
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In winter, American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) move back and forth between night roosts and foraging sites along flight lanes. If communal roosts act as information centres, we would expect more birds to use a particular flight lane after discovery of a new food patch on that route. In this study, I investigated how the number of crows using different flight lanes was affected by the establishment of artificial food patches, as well as how crows responded to multiple days of provisioning and to the location of the food patch relative to the flight lane. After discovery of a food patch, the number of crows using the flight lane closest to it increased, while numbers using adjacent flight lanes remained the same or decreased, particularly when the patch was in the path of the flight lane and when food provisioning occurred for 2 consecutive days. These results support the idea that crows using winter roosts may make use of information on food availability obtained at the roost.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".