Calcium Binding to Skeletal Muscle Troponin C and the Regulation of Muscle Contraction
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contraction is initiated by Ca2+ ion binding to troponin C (TnC), a protein of the thin filament. Our three-dimensional structure determination of turkey skeletal TnC at 2.8 A resolution revealed an extended molecule consisting of two domains connected through a long nine-turn alpha-helix. The C-terminal domain has two Ca2+ ions bound in the expected manner of EF hands, whereas the N-terminal regulatory domain is Ca2+-free with a helix-loop-helix conformation different from that of an EF hand. The refinement of TnC at 2.2 A resolution highlights the intricate hydrogen-bonded network common to the Ca2+-bound loops and provides an explanation for the presence of a water molecule in the 5th coordination position of the Ca2+ ion. We propose that Ca2+ binding to the regulatory domain is accompanied by a conformational transition by which its structure becomes similar to that of the C-terminal domain. Dramatic movements of residues in the B and C helices and the connecting peptide of up to 14 A constitute the bulk of this change. A hydrophobic site that could be the site of interaction with troponin I is thereby exposed. We have also demonstrated that this model of the Ca2+-bound conformation can be reached from the Ca2+-free state without having to surmount large energy barriers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".