A possible role for <scp>CD</scp>8<sup>+</sup> and non‐<scp>CD</scp>8<sup>+</sup> cell granzyme <scp>B</scp> in early small airway wall remodelling in centrilobular emphysema
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: CD8(+) cell infiltration and apoptosis of airway epithelial cells are increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CD8(+) T cells induce apoptosis by releasing granzymes, which can also cause extracellular matrix degradation and remodelling. Granzyme B levels and T cells expressing granzyme B are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COPD patients, which suggests that granzyme B may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. This study provides quantitation of granzyme B-positive cells in relation to CD8(+) cells in the small airway walls of emphysema. METHODS: Antibodies against CD8 and granzyme B were used to identify CD8(+) and granzyme B(+) cells. Volume fraction (Vv) of CD8(+) and granzyme B(+) cells were quantitated by the point counting method in the small airways of 13 non-smoker control subjects and 46 emphysema patients (14 panlobular emphysema (PLE) and 32 centrilobular emphysema (CLE) lungs). Immunohistochemical detection of macrophage scavenger receptor was also performed in randomly selected cases. RESULTS: The Vv of CD8(+) and granzyme B(+) cells in CLE was greater than those in control and PLE (both P < 0.001) subjects. The Vv of granzyme B(+) cells was greater than that of CD8(+) cells (P = 0.006), and not all CD8(+) cells were positive for granzyme B in CLE subjects. Monocytes expressing both granzyme B and macrophage scavenger receptor and granulocytes expressing granzyme B were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of granzyme B in CD8(+) and non-CD8(+) cells is an early phenomenon of small airway wall remodelling in centrilobular emphysema and suggests its possible role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".