Cotton Germplasm of Pakistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The economy of Pakistan relies heavily on cotton, which contributes ~60% of total foreign exchange earnings (US$ 15 billion in 2012/13). Cotton is grown on about three million hectares annually with average lint production of 670 kg ha-1. Historically the cultivation of cotton can be traced back to 6000 BC with Gossypium arboreum L. identified in the ancient remains of Monjadharo (Sindh) [1]. The indigenous cultivated cotton is locally known as Desi cotton, which carries the A-genome [2-3]. Following the industrial revolution in the textile sector, the tetraploid Gossypium hirsutum L. gradually replaced G. arboreum L., because it generally produces a higher quality lint and has a higher seed cotton yield (SCY) in the Indo-Pak region. These American types originated from New Orleans and Georgia were first introduced in 1818 [4]. This material was primarily a mixture and did not attract the interest of farmers in its initial years of cultivation because of high susceptibility to sucking insects, particularly jassids (Amarasca devastans Dist.). Organized selection procedures were adopted to select genotypes suited to the local conditions that laid a concrete foundation for breeding material on the subcontinent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.028 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".