Glyoxalase System and Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification System in Plant Abiotic Stress Response and Tolerance: An Intimate Relationship
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abiotic Stress in Plants -Mechanisms and Adaptations 236 and non-enzymatic scavenging pathways or detoxification systems which function as an extremely efficient cooperative system to counter the deleterious effects of ROS and MG as well as to perform their signaling function. In plants, MG is detoxified mainly via the glyoxalase system. Besides detoxification of MG, the glyoxalase system could also play a role in oxidative stress tolerance by recycling reduced glutathione (GSH) that would be trapped nonenzymatically by MG to form hemithioacetal, thereby maintaining glutathione homeostasis. In addition, ROS levels are controlled via a versatile antioxidant network in plants. The specific interplay between ROS and components of the antioxidant and glyoxalase pathways could generate compartment-specific changes in both the absolute concentrations of ROS, MG and antioxidant compounds as well as in the ascorbate and glutathione redox ratios. Under stress conditions, these redox signals could interfere with the signaling networks complementary to the antioxidant system and regulate defense gene expression, thus coordinating the necessary readjustments in the redox-regulated plant defense to overcome oxidative stress (Foyer & Noctor, 2005a, 2011; The results of numerous recent studies have shown that the alleviation of oxidative damage and increased resistance to abiotic stresses are often correlated with the more efficient antioxidative and glyoxalase systems. In this chapter, we will try to provide an overview of MG and ROS metabolism in plants and address a new metabolic relationship of AsA-and GSH-dependent antioxidative and glyoxalase systems in inducing abiotic stress tolerance. Further, we will discuss the progress made over the last few years in our understanding of the interaction between these two important pathways in improving abiotic oxidative stress tolerance either by exogenous chemical treatment (proline, betaine, selenium and nitric oxide) or by genetic engineering of different components of the glyoxalase system and ROS detoxification system in plants. www.intechopen.com
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it