P53 Inducible Gene-3: Potential Serum Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Beyond Milan Criteria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims: The diagnosis of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually made late, precluding curative resection or liver transplantation in over 70% of HCC patients. P53 inducible gene 3 (PIG3) is a p53 downstream gene and a key component of the DNA damage response pathway, which is relevant in conditions with rapid cell turnover such as HCC. Our aim was to assess whether PIG3 could serve as a novel biomarker for HCC. Methods: A pilot study of 37 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of HCC, 42 patients with hepatic cirrhosis versus healthy controlswas conducted. Serum AFP and PIG3 levels measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were compared across groups using student t-testand correlation coefficient (R) between AFP and PIG3 was calculated. Results: Clinical characteristics were similar across the HCC and cirrhosis groups. Serum PIG3 levels were significantly higher among patients with cirrhosis or HCC (23.27 ± 13.26 and 24.1 ± 18.61 ng/mL, respectively), as compared to healthy controls (3.71 ± 1.79 ng/mL, p<0.0001). PIG3 values were significantly different across the following tumor diameter ranges: less than 2 cm, 18.47 ng/mL; 2 to 5 cm, 18.54 ng/mL; and greater than 5 cm, 38.72 ng/mL; p=0.0012. The correlation coefficient between log (AFP) and PIG3 levels in HCC patients was r=0.4564, p=0.005. Conclusion: Serum p53-inducible gene 3 levels were significantly elevated in patients with HCC beyond 5 cm, indicating potential as an adjunct to imaging in determining eligibility for liver transplantation. The potential for PIG3 as a biomarker of HCC warrants further prospective study.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".