Surface Modification of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal/Alumina Composites by Incorporation of Mullite as a Second Phase
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new infiltration method for surface modification of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal/alumina (Y-TZP/Al2O3) composites is proposed. This method allows for broad control over both the depth and composition of the modified zone and provides the flexibility of fabricating composites by full liquid infiltration or by modifying only the surface region by partial liquid infiltration. The disadvantages of other surface modification methods (chemical vapor deposition or surface encapsulation) such as the interface problems between surface coating and matrix and the requirement of a costly additional processing step when the Y-TZP/Al2O3 composite is in a complicated shape, can be overcome. The introduction of mullite as a second phase on the surface of the composite was found to be effective in inhibiting the low temperature degradation of the Y-TZP/Al2O3 composite. The partial loss of the Y-TZP/Al2O3 composite's mechanical strength and fracture toughness due to the introduction of Al2O3, can be prevented. The difference in the thermal expansion coefficients is greater for mullite and Y-TZP/Al2O3 than for Al2O3 and zirconia. It is believed that this increase is very important in generating surface compressive stresses. Since the Al2O3 necessary for forming mullite is already present in the composite, pores need only be used to introduce SiO2 into the system. Therefore, the Al2O3 already in the composite will tend to maximize the amount of the second phase that can be formed and makes this method quite simple and effective.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".