Racial Formation in Quebec: A Legal Retrospective
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article will use the experience of the Quebecois in Canada to survey the linkage between cultural formation and race in Quebecois racial identity. It will then map out these linkages and their relations to the political and legal discourse that has emerged in Canada on the place of the Quebecois in the country. Cultural formation and racial formation are unmistakably linked. Specific social and linguistic separatism can, over time, crystallize into racial formation, especially if aided by official government recognition and legal codification. As this article will demonstrate, the verification of this idea can be clearly seen through the experience of the Quebecois in Canada, for the formation of Quebecois racial identity could not have occurred without the participation of the Canadian government in the process. * Adjunct Professor of Law, Pepperdine University. B.A., University of California at San Diego; J.D., University of Illinois; Ph.D. Candidate (Politics and International Relations), University of Southern California. Correspondence: University of Southern California, Department of Political Science, 3518 Trousdale Parkway, VKC-327, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0044. E-Mail: Rudy.Baker@yahoo.com. HeinOnline -10 J.L. Soc'y 1 2008 JOURNAL OF LA WIN SOCIETY 10:1
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it