Unusual 2001 periastron passage in the colliding-wind binary WR 140 (WC7pd+O4-5)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The massive, long-period and highly-eccentric (P = 2899 d, e = 0.88), colliding-wind binary WR 140 (WC7pd+O4-5) may be regarded as a clock-work for its predictable, repeatable IR outbursts related to dust formation right after each periastron passage. However, the 2001 periastron passage broke this monotonic trend. Our UBV photometry, completely covering the past nine years, shows a series of quasi-regular fadings starting ~ 2 months after periastron passage (Φ ≃ 0.02-0.05). Preliminary analysis points to dust as a probable cause of the eclipse-like behavior of the system, while the oscillating pattern hints towards instabilities in the wind-wind collision zone. At the same time, contemporaneous spectroscopy shows nothing unusual aside of the strong, but short-lived signs of wind-wind interaction (Φ ≃ 0.99-1.02).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".