ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA MENGGUNAKAN METODE RULA UNTUK MENGURANGI RISIKO MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (Studi Kasus pada Pekerja di Plant KT-24, PT Bakrie Pipe Industries)
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis postur kerja yang bersifat statis dan repetitive untuk mengurangi risiko musculoskeletal disorders pada para pekerja di plant KT-24 PT Bakrie Pipe Industries. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis sikap dan posisi kerja adalah metode Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), metode RULA digunakan untuk mengestimasi terjadinya gangguan musculoskeletal, sedangkan untuk analisis keluhan subjektif digunakan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM). Berdasarkan pengamatan menggunakan kuesioner NBM ditemukan bahwa pekerja mengeluhkan agak sakit sebanyak 80% pada bahu kanan dan 60% pada siku kanan. Selain itu, 50% pekerja mengeluhkan rasa sakit pada punggung dan 40% pada pinggang, serta 10% dari para pekerja mengeluhkan rasa sakit sekali pada siku kiri dan kanan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari tujuh kegiatan yang diteliti terdapat lima kegiatan yang memiliki level risiko rendah ( low ) dan dua kegiatan yang memiliki level risiko medium . Untuk itu peneliti mengusulkan perbaikan pada dua postur tersebut dengan prioritas pada postur proses Dimensional & Visual Inspection dan End Shearing . Kata kunci: Postur kerja, Nordic Body Map (NBM), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Musculoskeletal Disorders . This research aims to analyze the static and repetitive working postures to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in wokers at plant KT-24 PT Bakrie Pipe Industries. The method that’s used in this research to analyze working postures is Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), RULA method used to estimate the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders, whereas for the analysis of subjective complaints used Nordic Body Map (NBM) qustionnaire. Based on the observations using NBM questionnaire found that workers complained a bit pain as much as 80% on the right shoulder and 60% on the right elbow. In addition, 50% of workers felt pain on their back and 40% at the waist, and 10% of workers felt so painful on the left and right elbow. The results of this study showed that from seven activities studied there are five activities that have a low risk level and two activities that have a medium risk level. Therefore, researcher suggested to make an improvement on those two postures with priority on postures Dimensonal & Visual Inspection and End Shearing. Keywords : Working Posture , Nordic Body Map (NBM), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Musculoskeletal Disorders . Daftar Pustaka Al Zhahrir, H. (2012). Gambaran Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Karyawan di Kantor Pusat PT X Jakarta Tahun 2012. Depok: Universitas Indonesia. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. (2010). TLVs and BEIs. USA: Signature Publication. Ansari, N. A., & Sheikh, M. J. (2014). Evaluation of Work Posture by RULA and REBA: A Case Study. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 11 Issue 4 Ver. III pp 18-23. Ariani, T. (2009). Gambaran Risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) dalam Pekerjaan Manual Handling pada Buruh Angkut Barang (Porter) di Stasiun Kereta Jatinegara pada Tahun 2009. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia. Attwood, A. D., Deeb, J. M., & Danz-Reece, M. E. (2004). Ergonomic Solutions for the Process Industries. Jordan Hill: Elsevier. Bridger, R. S. (1995). Introduction to Ergonomics. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co. Bridger, R. S. (2003). Introduction to Ergonomics, International Edition. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co. Bridger, R. S. (2009). Introduction to Ergonomics, Third Edition. USA: CRC Press. Elza, D. S. (2012). Gambaran Tingkat Risiko Ergonomi dan Keluhan Subjektif Musculoskeletal Disorders pada Pengrajin Songket Tradisional Silungkang, Sumatera Barat Tahun 2012. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia. Humantech Inc. (1995). Humantech Applied Ergonomics Training Manual: Prepared for Procter & Gamble Inc. (2nd Ed). Australia: Berkeley Valey. Karhu, O., Kansi, P., & Kuorinka, I. (1993). Correcting Working Postures in Industry: a Practical Method for Analysis. Applied Ergonomic, Vol. 8 No. 4 pp. 199-201. Karwowski, W. (2006). International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factor, Second Edition. USA: CRC Press. Kusnandar, Y., & Noya, S. (2013). Working Posture Analysis and Design Using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) Method in Production Process at PT Indiana Paint. JITI, 111-125. Levy, B., & Wegman, D. (2000). Occupational Health: Recognizing and Preventing Work Related Disease and Injury, Fourth Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. MacLeod, D. (2000). The Rules of Work: A Practical Engineering Guide to Ergonomics. New York: Taylor and Francis. McAtemney, L., & Corlett, E. (1993). RULA: a Survey Method for the Investigation of Work Related Upper Limb Disorders. Applied Ergonomic, Vol. 24 No. 2 pp. 91-99. McAtemney, L., & Hignett, S. (2000). Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Applied Ergonomic, pp. 201-205. McKeown, C. (2008). Office Ergonomics, Practical Application. USA: CRC Press. Muslim, E., Nurtjahyo, B., & Ardi, R. (2011). Analisis Ergonomi Industri Garmen dengan Posture Evaluation Index pada Virtual Environment. Mikara Teknologi, 75-81. Mutual Harmony Consulting. (2015). Download: Standar OHSAS 18001. Retrieved April 3, 2015, from Mutual Harmony Consulting Web site: http://mhconsulting-indonesia.com/file-download/Klausul-OHSAS-18001.pdf Nugraha, H. A., Astuti, M., & Rahman, A. (2013). Analisis Perbaikan Postur Kerja Operator Menggunakan Metode RULA untuk Mengurangi Resiko Musculoskeletal Disorders. Jurnal Teknik Industri Universitas Brawijaya, 229-240. Nurmianto, E. (2004). Ergonomi, Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasinya: Tinjauan Anatomi, Fisiologi, Antropometri, Psikologi dan Komputasi untuk Perancangan Kerja dan Produk. Surabaya: Guna Widya. Oborne, D. J. (1995). Ergonomics at Work, Third Edition. England: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers. (2008). Office Ergonomic Hand Book. Ontario: Occupational Health Clinics for Ontario Workers Inc. Pheasant, S. (1991). Ergonomics, Work, and Health. London: MacMillan. Pratama, P. A. (2012). Analisis Posisi Kerja Bagian Pengelasan di Bengkel Perbaikan Bodi Kendaraan Roda Empat dengan Menggunakan Virtual Environment Modelling. Depok: Universitas Bakrie. Pulat, B. M. (1992). Fundamental of Industrial Ergonomics. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc. Sastrowinoto, S. (1985). Meningkatkan Produktivitas dengan Ergonomi. Jakarta: PT Pustaka Binaman Pressindo. Stanton, N., Hedge, A., Brookhuis, K., Salas, E., & Hendrick, H. (2005). Handbook of Human Factor and Ergonomics Methods. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Susihono, W. (2009). Rancangan Ulang Mesin Pemotong Singkong Semi Otomatis dengan Memperhatikan Aspek-Aspek Ergonomis Kerja. Proceeding Seminar Nasional Aplikasi Program K3 dan Ergonomi di Tempat Kerja (pp. A12-1 s/d A12-10). Medan: Universitas Sumatra Utara. Susihono, W. (2010). Analisis Postur Kerja di Perusahaan X dengan Pendekatan NIOSH Equation dan REBA. Proceeding Seminar Nasional Ritektra 2010 (pp. 95-98). Jakarta: Fakultas Teknik UNIKA Atmajaya. Susihono, W. (2011). Analisis Postur Kerja dan Redesain Interior Kabin Masinis Lokomotif CC300. Proceeding Seminar Nasional Teknik Industri (pp. C-103 s/d C-118). Yogyakarta: UGM. Susihono, W., & Rubianti, E. (2013). Perbaikan Metode Kerja Berdasar Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) pada Perusahaan Konstruksi dan Fabrikasi. Jurnal Teknik Industri Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, pp 101-110. Tarwaka, Solichul, H., Bakri, & Sudiajeng, L. (2004). Ergonomi untuk Kesehatan Keselamatan dan Produktivitas. Surakarta: UNIBA Press. Triawan, R. (2007). Gambaran Tingkat Risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Aktivitas Kerja di Bagian Fabrikasi Machine and Gear Shop PT Bukaka Teknik Utama Berdasarkan Metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) Tahun 2007. Depok: Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia. Yassierli. (2008). Artikel. Retrieved March 2, 2015, from Ergoinstitute: http://www.ergoinstitute.com/index.php/artikel/25-artikel-dari-narasumber/20-artikel-2
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it