Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper is a review of the literature specialized in identifying brain areas and neurochemical functions that underlie different learning phenomena in teleost fish. The neuroethological approach, a description of the fish brain anatomy, ontogeny and phylogeny, the evolutionary discussion of the relationships between fish and mammals, and the cumulative evidence that suggests homologies in neurobehavioral functions between fish and mammals are introduced. Two predominant approaches for studying the neurobiology of learning in fish were identified, namely brain lesions and chemical stimulation. Regarding the effect of specific brain lesions,telencephalic ablationsonly affectedhabituationlearning (sensitization and classic conditioning were not impaired). Conversely, cerebellum lesions caused impairments in classical conditioning of eye-retraction and spatial learning (similar effects in mammals suggest that the functions of the cerebellum may have evolved early in vertebrate history). Regarding emotional learning, it is argued that research on avoidance and escape learning has been narrowly oriented and that new possibilities may derive from Hineline’s (1977) parametric analysis. Medium Pallium (MP) areas were identified as critical for emotional learning in fish. Furthermore, neurobehavioral functions of MP seem to be similar to the functions of the amygdala in mammals. Concerning neurochemical processes, antagonists of the NMDA receptors affected in a dose-dependent manner the acquisition of avoidance and fear conditioning. Alternatively, Nitric Oxide (NO) and cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) seem to be involved in the consolidation processof emotional learning.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".