Electro-Cementation of a Marine Clay Induced By Electrokinetics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is directed to using electrokinetic processes for strengthening marine sediments in order to enhance the performance of skirted foundations. This paper studies the electrocementation that occurs during the electrokinetic treatment of a highly saline marine clay. The influence of electrokinetics on the soil structure is characterized by changes in the pore size distributions determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry. The porosity of the treated soil samples was significantly lower, and the pore diameters were significantly smaller than in of the untreated soil samples. The plasticity characteristics of treated soil were also changed after electrokinetic treatment; this is attributable to the electrokinetically enhanced grouping of clay particles into aggregates due to the presence of cementing agents and changes in type and concentration of ions in the soil pore water. The amounts of iron oxide and calcium carbonate, both well-known cementing agents in soil, increased after electrokinetic treatment; this increase contributes to the increase in soil shear strength and decrease in soil pore size. The results of CEC and glycol retention tests indicated that the surface charge of clay particles at the anode sides was reduced after electrokinetic treatment, leading to stronger interparticle bonds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".