Bibliographic record
Abstract
The consensus among art experts is that a number of the Van Goghs hanging in prestigious galleries around the world are forgeries. There is less agreement as to which paintings are the forgeries and which are genuine. Some experts question the authenticity of Garden at Auvers . The French government had once considered this painting to be so important that, in 1992, it declared the painting to be an historic monument to prevent its sale to a foreigner. When the painting was last offered for sale, in 1996, concerns over its authenticity were so great that it failed to find a buyer. Other experts question Sunflowers , which was purchased by a Japanese company in 1987 for $39.9 million (U.S. dollars), at that time the highest price ever paid for a work of art. Also under suspicion are the “self-portraits” hanging in the Gemeentenmuseum in the Hague, the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, and the Metropolitan Museum in New York. The number of possible forgeries is currently estimated to be about 100. Some of these paintings reached their privileged positions in innocent ways. They are copies of real Van Goghs made by art students, or paintings in the style of Van Gogh done by competent hobbyists. They were incorrectly attributed to Van Gogh at some time, and the attribution stuck.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".