A wideband speech and audio codec at 16/24/32 kbit/s using hybrid ACELP/TCX techniques
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A hybrid ACELP/TCX algorithm for coding speech and music signals at 16, 24, and 32 kbit/s is presented. The algorithm switches between algebraic code excited linear prediction (ACELP) and transform coded excitation (TCX) modes on a 20-ms frame basis. Applying TCX on 20 ms frames improved the quality for music signals. Special care was taken to alleviate the switching artifacts between the two modes resulting in a transparent switching process. Subjective test results showed that for speech signals, the performance at 16, 24, and 32 kbit/s, is equivalent to G.722 at 48, 56, and 64 kbit/s, respectively. For music signals, the quality at 24 kbit/s was found equivalent to G.722 at 56 kbit/s. However, at 16 kbit/s, the quality for music was slightly lower than G.722 at 48 kbit/s.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it