Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this thesis the phenomenology of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD) is studied in a variety of circumstances from both perturbative and non-perturbative perspectives. The main emphasis is on the production and hadronization of heavy particles, specifically heavy quarks, gauge bosons, leptoquarks and supersymmetric particles. In the hadroproduction of long-lived heavy quarks (i.e. charm and bottom) in the context of string fragmentation, the pull of a beam remnant at the other end of a string may give a heavy hadron more energy than the perturbatively produced quark. The collapse of a low-mass string to a single hadron is the extreme case of this effect, and gives rise to asymmetries between hadron and anti-hadron spectra. The Lund string fragmentation model is studied and improved by considering fixed-target data and the model is then used to predict the outcome of future experiments. The describtion of QCD radiation off heavy quarks and supersymmetric coloured particles is improved by using matrix element corrections to the massless parton shower in the event generator PYTHIA. In the process e+e- -> W+W- -> q qbar q' qbar', the colour flow can be ambiguous and a transverse momentum based measure of the colour flow is investigated as a tool to determine string topologies. The method is used to study different models of colour reconnection. QCD aspects of leptoquark production at HERA are discussed with focus on initial- and final-state QCD radiation. By taking into account corrections to this in mass reconstructions of a leptoquark, a narrower mass peak and a better average mass value is obtained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".