« Barrer la voie au syndicalisme » : les manœuvres de l’État québécois contre la Société bienveillante des journaliers de navires de Québec et les autres sociétés de secours mutuel, 1869–1899
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An important wood export centre, Quebec’s port was also an extraordinary place for experimenting with mutualism and trade unionism. The dockers, Irish and French Canadian, paved the way by organizing and incorporating a mutual assistance company in 1862 under an Act of the Parliament of Lower Canada. In 1865, they demanded a salary standard. Two years later, ten union clauses were added to the rules of their association. Combining mutualism and trade unionism, they built rapidly the most powerful local union organization in the country. This transformation of a ‘mutual assistance company into a trade union’ gave rise to imitators among boatmen, stevedores, etc. It also raised fear among commercial, judicial and political elites. What followed was a battle on several fronts aimed at bringing back the company of dockers to functions purely mutualist, and by the mere fact of closing the door on an organizing method judged socially dangerous for the established order. Despite the fact that the workers did not disarm, the Quebec government succeeded in reducing substantially the ‘zone of tolerance’ of mutualism in its territory. Resume Grand centre d’exportation de bois, le port de Quebec est aussi un lieu d’experimentation hors du commun en matiere de mutualisme et de syndicalisme. Les debardeurs, des Irlandais et des Canadiens francais, ouvrent la voie en s’organisant au moyen d’une societe de secours mutuel incorporee, en 1862, par un acte du Parlement de la Province du Canada. En 1865, ils revendiquent un salaire standard. Deux ans plus tard, ils ajoutent dix clauses syndicales aux regles de leur association. Combinant mutualisme et syndicalisme, ils construisent rapidement l’organisation syndicale locale la plus puissante au pays. Cette voie de la « societe de secours mutuel se transformant en syndicat » suscite des emules chez les bateliers, les arrimeurs, etc. Elle souleve aussi la crainte des elites commerciales, judiciaires et politiques. S’ensuit alors un combat sur plusieurs fronts visant a ramener la societe des debardeurs a des fonctions purement mutualistes, et par le fait meme a fermer la porte a une methode d’organisation jugee socialement dangereuse pour l’ordre etabli. Bien que les ouvriers ne desarment pas, l’Etat quebecois reussit a reduire substantiellement la « zone de tolerance » du mutualisme sur son territoire.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".