Scaling Rules for the Energy of Decoder Circuits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A standard VLSI model is used to derive universal lower bounds on the energy of decoder circuits. In the circuit model used, the product of the circuit area and number of clock cycles, or the area-time complexity is proportional to the energy of computation. Lower bounds as a function of block length n are presented for three different circuit paradigms. Firstly, for circuits that compute in parallel, an Ω(n(logn)1/2) scaling rule is shown. Secondly, for circuits that compute serially, an Ω(nlogn) lower bound is presented. Thirdly, for a sequence of decoding circuits in which the number of output pins grows arbitrarily with block length, the energy is shown to grow as Ω(n(logn)1/5). In addition, it is shown that the energy complexity of almost all LDPC decoders that can get close to capacity and whose Tanner graphs are generated according to a uniform standard configuration model must take Ω(n2) area to implement directly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".