Sub-zeptofarad sensitivity scanning capacitance microscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The scanning capacitance microscope technique described is based on a dC/dV measurement at the metal-semiconductor junction between a metallic probe and a sample. The probe forms part of a RF resonator and is scanned in a raster across the sample. Changing dopant concentrations in the sample result in small variations in the junction capacitance, changing the load on the resonator. The sensitivity of a capacitance sensor depends on the operating frequency, the quality factor (Q) of the resonator and sense voltage applied to the resonator. Increasing any of these parameters will increase the sensitivity of the instrument. The instrument described in this paper operates at 2.5 GHz and the resonators have Q values in the range 50-100. Importantly, these resonator designs can operate with low sense voltages (0.1 V-1.5 V), minimizing artefacts that result from larger sense voltages. Capacitance noise response and DC stability of the sensor have been used to demonstrate idealized (unloaded) sensitivities as low as 0.71/spl times/10/sup -21/ F//spl radic/Hz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".