Fragmentation of Reactive Metallic Particles during Impact with a Plate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of the detonation of a spherical heterogeneous charge on the loading applied to a nearby structure has been investigated experimentally. The charge consists of a packed bed of solid reactive particles saturated with a liquid explosive. When the charge is detonated, the particles ignite while rapidly accelerating to high speeds, then impact either a rigid plate or a cantilever gauge consisting of a plate attached to a rod clamped at one end. The positive phase reflected pressure impulse at the rigid plate surface and the cantilever bend angle is measured at various distances from the charge. Comparison of the results for charges containing large (millimeter‐sized) zirconium particles with small (sub‐micron) aluminum particles suggests that the fragmentation of the large particles upon impact contributes to the loading. To investigate this possibility further, single zirconium spheres are accelerated with a tubular explosive. When the burning sphere impacts a rigid plate, fine zirconium fragments are produced in all cases. The impact fragmentation of burning particles is an efficient mechanism for increasing the overall rate of energy release from the particle combustion process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".