A comparison of mesosphere and lower thermosphere neutral winds as determined by meteor and medium‐frequency radar at 70°N
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
There has been much discussion as to the veracity of neutral wind measurements made using medium‐frequency radar (MFR) employing the spaced‐antenna technique. Such systems are able to operate continuously, providing information on mesosphere and lower thermosphere dynamics with typical resolutions of 3 km in altitude and 5 min in time, and thus represent a low‐cost monitoring of the atmosphere. It is similarly important to be able to trust the results, and therefore we make a dedicated comparison between the Tromsø MFR (70°N, 19°E) and the newly installed and colocated Nippon/Norway Tromsø meteor radar. The agreement is particularly good between 75 and 85 km.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it