Comparative Geoscientific and Geomatic Analysis of Hydrothermal Zones in Volcanic Terrain on Earth and Mars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Evidence for past life on Mars is most likely to be found within the preserved mineralized remains of subaerial, subaqueous, and shallow subsurface hydrothermal systems [1,2]. The most important targets of endogenic-driven hydrothermal activity identified so far occur in structurally complex, highly dissected and/or faulted volcanic terrain [3]. Recent discoveries of sedimentary structures and other features diagnostic of shallow water deposits and saline groundwater at Meridiani Planum [4] also raise the possibility of hydrothermal venting in areas where evaporites were deposited in volcanic terrain. The study of these geologically complex areas on Mars will require the careful, concurrent analysis of multiple databases [5,6]. Layers of geological, topographic, structural, mineralogical, geophysical and geochemical data integrated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enable this type of detailed classification and interpretation of complex volcanic terrains on Earth. We present results based on the study of (1) hydrothermal chimneys and alteration zones of Cretaceous age located in the Canadian Arctic Islands, Nunavut, and (2) Apollinaris Patera shield volcano on Mars that were obtained using an OpenGIS solution for terrestrial analogues and planetary databases. Geology: On western Axel Heiberg Island, in the Canadian Arctic, erosional remnants of hydrothermal chimneys discovered at two localities consist of pyritiferous mounds that measure 2 to 5 m in cross-section and consist of a central vent and wide bands of whitish-yellow to ochre alteration (Fig. 1). The chimneys or alteration zones consistently occur in structurally complex areas where volcanic flows and/or sills intersect evaporite outliers at the periphery of the diapir. The salt domes were formed in an intracontinental rift basin when Upper Mississippian to Middle Pennsylvanian evaporite beds rose diapirically through the Mesozoic succession. Basaltic lava flows and pyroclastic deposits in this area were emplaced episodically, with peaks of intrusive and eruptive activity at 128 and 95 Ma, respectively [7]. Remarkably, cold springs are still active [8] and so there is growing evidence that hydrothermal systems constitute a longlived, episodic feature of the rift basin. The geological setting is broadly similar to that of conical siliceous mounds reported in the Parana basin of southeastern Brazil [9] with the following notable exceptions: statiform, intrusive mafic igneous rocks are pervasive in the Sverdrup Basin, and although the chimneys are of a similar size to some of the Parana structures, they are not as abundant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".