Non‐linear interaction between α1‐noradrenergic and P2 receptor signaling cascades in XII motoneurons (MNs)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
P2 and α1‐noradrenrgic (α1) receptors (Rs) potentiate XII MN inspiratory output. As ATP and norepineprhine (NE) can be coreleased, we explored in neonatal rat the interaction between these cascades using whole‐cell and nerve recording from rhythmic and nonrhythmic medullary slices. Phenylephrine (PE, α1R agonist) and ATP were applied, alone and together to the XII nucleus. PE induced slow inward currents that reversed near E K+ , and increased input resistance (R N ). ATP induced rapid, PPADS/suramin sensitive, inward currents that reversed near 0 mV and decreased R N . When ATP was applied first, PE currents were 46% of control (n=31/32). In 36/68 XII MNs, prior PE reversibly potentiated ATP currents up to 400%. The PE potentiation was not dependent on intracellular Ca 2+ , but was reversibly blocked by the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine. Candidate P2Rs are X 2 , identified by immunolabeling. Laser capture microdissection (Arcturus) of XII MNs and real‐time PCR suggest that P2X 3,4,6,7 Rs may also contribute. Relevance of these interactions for airway control is supported by the fact that when ATP precedes PE, the net increase in XII burst amplitude is less that the sum of the individual responses; when PE precedes ATP, the increase in XII output is greater than the sum of individual effects. This mechanism may increase the dynamic range over which a transmitter can modulate excitability. Funded by HRC, AHFMR, CIHR, CFI, MFN
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".